SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Mitochondrial-Targeted Peptide | Cardiolipin Protector
SS-31, also known as Elamipretide or Bendavia, is a small aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that selectively targets mitochondria. Unlike traditional antioxidants, SS-31 specifically binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, protecting it from oxidative damage and improving cellular energy production. This unique mechanism makes it particularly promising for age-related conditions, heart disease, and mitochondrial disorders.
Daily dose
5-40mg
Frequency
Once daily
Cycle length
4-12 weeks
Storage
2-8°C (refrigerated)
Key benefits
Directly protects mitochondria, improves cellular energy, reduces oxidative damage, enhances exercise capacity
How it works
Selectively binds to cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing lipid peroxidation and optimizing electron transport chain function
Dosage protocols
Goal
General Mitochondrial Support
Dose
5-10mg · Once daily
Route
Subcutaneous
Goal
Athletic Performance
Dose
10-20mg · Once daily pre-workout
Route
Subcutaneous
Goal
Clinical Protocols
Dose
40mg · Once daily
Route
Subcutaneous or IV
Goal
Acute Cardioprotection
Dose
0.25mg/kg/hr · Continuous infusion
Route
Intravenous
Research indications
mitochondrial
cardiovascular
anti Aging
Administration
Interactions
Safety notes
Excellent safety profile in clinical trials
No significant side effects reported at therapeutic doses
May cause mild injection site reactions
Monitor for allergic reactions (very rare)
Safe for long-term use based on current data
No known drug interactions
Research studies
Barth Syndrome Clinical Trial - FDA Approval (2025)
Human | 40mg daily | Phase 3 | FDA Approved
Led to FDA accelerated approval of FORZINITY (elamipretide) in September 2025 - the first mitochondrial-targeting therapy approved. Indicated for improving muscle strength in Barth syndrome patients ≥30kg.
Phase 2 Trial for Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy (2018)
Human | 40mg daily | 12 weeks | 36 patients
Showed significant improvements in 6-minute walk test and fatigue scores in patients with mitochondrial myopathies, with excellent safety profile and no serious adverse events.
Cardioprotection in Heart Failure Model (2019)
Human | 0.25mg/kg/hr infusion | During cardiac surgery
Reduced cardiac injury markers and improved mitochondrial function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, suggesting powerful cardioprotective effects.
Age-Related Muscle Dysfunction Study (2020)
Animal model | Various doses | 8 weeks | Aged mice
Reversed age-related decline in muscle function, increased ATP production, and reduced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of aged mice.