← All compounds
Emerging Research

PNC-27

Chimeric p53-Penetratin Anticancer Peptide | HDM-2 Targeting

$24

Daily dose

100-500mcg

Frequency

Once daily

Cycle length

8-12 weeks

Storage

-20°C (powder) / 2-8°C (reconstituted)

Key benefits

Selective anticancer peptide that kills cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Dual mechanism: membrane pore formation via HDM-2 binding and mitochondrial disruption. Demonstrated in vitro/ex vivo efficacy against pancreatic, breast, melanoma, leukemia, ovarian, and cervical cancers. Synergy with paclitaxel and ketone bodies documented.

How it works

Binds to HDM-2 (MDM2) overexpressed on cancer cell plasma membranes, forming oligomeric transmembrane pore complexes that cause rapid necrotic cell death ('poptosis'). Also enters cells via its MRP/CPP domain and disrupts mitochondrial membranes. Normal cells lack membrane HDM-2 and are unaffected regardless of p53 status.

Dosage protocols

Goal

Research Protocol

Dose

100-500mcg · Once daily

Route

Subcutaneous

Research indications

anticancer

Multi-Cancer SelectivityPreclinical efficacy against pancreatic, breast, melanoma, leukemia, ovarian, and cervical cancers with no normal cell toxicity
p53-Independent MechanismTargets membrane HDM-2 and works in p53-mutant cancers, unlike intracellular HDM-2 inhibitors
Chemotherapy SynergyDocumented synergy with paclitaxel and ketone bodies, potential for combination approaches

Administration

injectable

Interactions

Synergistic
Paclitaxel (Taxol)Ex vivo studies on patient-derived ovarian cancer cells demonstrated synergy via isobologram analysis. Cancer cells surviving paclitaxel upregulate membrane MDM-2, increasing PNC-27 susceptibility.
Synergistic
Ketone Bodies (BHB, Acetoacetate)2025 peer-reviewed study showed lithium acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate reduce PNC-27 IC50 by 200-400% via Warburg effect disruption. Ketogenic diet may theoretically enhance efficacy.
Unknown
Thymosin Alpha-1No direct interaction studies. Both have anticancer mechanisms — TA1 via immune modulation, PNC-27 via direct membranolysis. Theoretically complementary but unstudied.
Unknown
Chemotherapy (General)Paclitaxel synergy is documented. Other chemotherapies are unstudied but mechanistically compatible given PNC-27's distinct membrane-lytic action.
Unknown
Immunotherapy (Checkpoint Inhibitors)No interaction data. PNC-27 induces necrosis which releases tumor antigens, theoretically enhancing immune recognition. Pure speculation — no studies exist.
Unknown
Other HDM-2 Inhibitors (Nutlin-3, Idasanutlin)Small molecule HDM-2 inhibitors act intracellularly on wild-type p53 tumors. PNC-27 targets membrane HDM-2 and works in p53-mutant cancers. Potential for additive effects but unstudied.
Unknown
BPC-157 / TB-500No documented interactions with common healing peptides. Different mechanisms and targets. No basis for interaction concern, but no studies confirm safety of combination.

Safety notes

NOT FDA approved — explicit FDA warning issued against use

No verified human clinical trial data in peer-reviewed journals

No published human pharmacokinetic data

Contamination found in marketed products (FDA warning)

Should never replace FDA-approved cancer treatments

Discuss with oncologist before any consideration of use

Research studies

Landmark PNAS Study — HDM-2 Binding Conformation (2010)

MIA-PaCa-2, MCF-7, A-2058 cells | IC50 ~33 μM | 90 min to 100% kill

First major publication demonstrating PNC-27 adopts a p53-like structure when binding membrane HDM-2, forms transmembrane pores visualized by electron microscopy, and kills pancreatic, breast, and melanoma cancer cells while sparing normal fibroblasts.

View study →

Intact Peptide Mechanism Study (2010)

Cancer cell lines | Structure-activity relationship | Covalent linkage required

Demonstrated PNC-27 remains intact during membranolysis. Neither the p53 domain alone, the MRP alone, nor both domains uncoupled could induce cancer cell death — the chimeric linkage is essential for activity.

View study →

Leukemia Cell Selective Necrosis (2014)

K562, U937, HL60 cells | IC50 4.7-91.1 μM | No effect on normal lymphocytes

Extended PNC-27's selectivity to non-solid tumors. Killed K562 leukemia cells at nearly 100% while showing no cytotoxicity to normal murine lymphocytes at any tested concentration. Confirmed necrotic (not apoptotic) cell death.

View study →

Ex Vivo Ovarian Cancer Efficacy (2015)

Patient-derived cells | Ovarian LD50 100 μg/mL | Paclitaxel synergy

First study using patient-derived (not cell line) cancer cells. Demonstrated dose-dependent killing of primary human ovarian and endometrial cancer tissue, with synergistic effects when combined with paclitaxel.

View study →

Leukemia HDM-2 Targeting — Normal Cells Spared (2020)

Leukemia cells vs normal hematopoietic/stem cells | In vivo safety

Confirmed membrane HDM-2 targeting in leukemia cells with no effect on normal hematopoietic cells or umbilical cord stem cells. In vivo, PNC-peptide-treated animals showed no effects on blood cell differentials.

View study →

Dual Mechanism: Mitochondrial Disruption Discovery (2024)

Cancer cells | Plasma membrane + mitochondrial targeting | Lysosome sparing

Revealed PNC-27 has a dual mechanism — beyond membrane pore formation, it enters cancer cells and directly disrupts mitochondrial membranes while leaving lysosomes unaffected. First evidence of organelle-specific targeting.

View study →

Cervical Cancer + Ketone Body Synergy (2025)

HTB-35, SW756, HeLa cells | IC50 7-17 μM | Ketones reduce IC50 200-400%

Most recent publication demonstrating PNC-27 kills cervical cancer cells at some of the lowest IC50 values across any cancer type studied, with no effect on normal cervical epithelial cells. Ketone bodies (lithium acetoacetate, BHB) dramatically enhanced potency.

View study →